Border control refers to the measures and policies implemented by countries to regulate the movement of people, goods, and animals across their borders. This includes the enforcement of immigration laws, inspection of goods for compliance with import/export regulations, and monitoring for illegal activities such as human trafficking and smuggling. Border control often involves the use of physical barriers such as fences and checkpoints, as well as technology such as surveillance cameras and biometric identification systems. This research area explores ways to improve border security, streamline the flow of legitimate travel and trade, and protect national sovereignty and security. Issues such as border disputes, refugee crises, and cross-border crime are also important considerations in border control research.